INTRODUCTION- Angular.js is the most popular framework for development of
web applications which is open source and free for the programmers. Several
foreign organisations have off shored various web development projects to
smaller and large enterprises of India which requires the usage of Angular for
churning effective UI designs and faster apps so this framework will capture
the market so its imperative for developers to hone their skills .
ANGULAR.JS AS CLIENT SIDE FRAMEWORK
Angular.js
or basically Angular is extensively used client side framework for building web
and mobile applications and designing customised UI.It was developed by Adam
Abrons and Misko in 2009 to generate effective results in faster applications
with minimal code . It is currently
licensed under Apache and maintained by Google . It uses JavaScript for
writing code so for this ,one should be familiar with the fundamentals of CSS
,HTML and JavaScript and in no time apps are generated with attractive user
interfaces.
The term Angular signifies the fact that HTML is encircled by angle
brackets and it is rapidly used to create single page applications (SPA) of the websites and is hugely responsive to
native platforms such as iOS ,Android and desktop apps . Angular is evolving at
a greater speed as there is total support from Google’s Angular app and CLI
(command line interface) and various ideas are imported and as a result the
framework is constantly updated. So, there is great demand of tools and
techniques employed in Angular in the market arena .
Angular works with MVC(Model view controller )and it helps to create
rich internet application. MVC composes of three parts-
·
MODEL- it contains all the logics, reasons and rules of the
application.
·
VIEW- It is the end result which is seen by the user after
the modifications are performed .
·
CONTROLLER- It
receives the inputs from the user and accordingly give commands to the model .
So in a nutshell, the user uses controller to customise the database or page and controller receives the inputs and process the information to model which execute the alterations which are reflected in the view part and hence it is displayed to be seen by the user.
FEATURES OF ANGULAR
1. MINIMAL CODE- In other
frameworks, plenty of blocks of code are
required for building an application but in case of Angular, few bits of code
are all required to design app.
2. DESKTOP APPS- In case of
Angular one can easily install desktop apps in different operating systems such
as Windows and Linux.
3. TESTABILITY- Google
development team has build Karma test for testing of Angular as a legitimate
framework in the development of applications.
4. MVC- Since now you are
familiarised with the architecture it is the most recommended for Angular as
compared to MVVC(Model View View controller).
5. VIRTUAL SCROLLING- This
feature of Angular is quite helpful as it helps to load and unload items on the
V-DOM and is applicable to visible components .
6. DATA MODEL BINDING-Angular
holds critical importance as data binding to HTML tags doesn’t require bulky
code, so just few snippets of code makes the desired modifications.
SYNOPSIS OF
ANGULAR ARCHITECTURE
With the
evolution of browser and rise of HTML 5 there has been significant increase in
Rich internet applications with attractive UI and many desktop webs are gaining
prominence due to incorporation of Angular components .
Modules are vessels in which interrelated components are kept separate
during the functioning of application and these components includes pips,
services and directives. One of the most
important module is Ng module which helps in decoration of classes with special
functionality. The Modules in Angular behave like hierarchy tree in which root
nodule is called main application and various other modules are linked to
it.Root module is also called import and Ng module() decorator imparts class
with a specific function. The configuration of Ng module is same as root module
and it simply delineates the process of keeping components separate so whatever
modifications are requited must be confined to the featured module and root
module is not disturbed. The components in modules are unit blocks which separates
visual part in HTML from the functional part in Typescript. The Angular
framework contains some core libraries and other are kept as optional.
Now let us
take closer look at the fundamental units of Angular application-
·
MODULES- The applications in Angular are modular based
and Ng module is one such features which acts like container in which
components are kept intact but in isolation. It has the same configuration as
root nodule which is the ground of every Angular app. It has properties of
export ,import and bootstrap
·
COMPONENTS- The components are
interconnected in module and they are created and destroyed during the
development of application.
·
TEMPLATES- It is basically an HTML form which describes Angular about the rendering of components,
·
METADATA- Metadata resides inside the component and specifies the
class and it basically informs angular about the specific location in which building
blocks are to be placed in a component and furthermore view constitutes all the
three- components, metadata and template in one.
·
DIRECTIVES- Directives are simply the templates in HTML format
which are simple yet dynamic .There are two types of directives-
STRUCTURAL DIRECTIVES- As the name suggests, it
modifies the layout by adding or removing elements from the DOM.
ATTRIBUTE DIRECTIVES- To change the behaviour
of an existing element according to the requirement of user, the Angular uses
attribute directives.
·
SERVICES- It is very vital to complete the application through tasks
and that amounts to services as every application has some values and function.
So there are many services such as Tax calculator, login services, application
services and data based services.
·
DEPENDENCY INJECTION- Every service is associated with any
class or function and the components are always kept separate from services to improve
functionality in the application. So a component distribute different tasks to
the services as per the requirements of user in different circumstances and the
app is made more adaptable by rendering different providers of the same service
through dependency injection.
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